The colours: what do RED, YELLOW, GREY and BLACK mean?
Since October 2020 the building surveyor marks damage with colours instead of the old K-numbers:
RED — critical damage. Damage that has already caused, or will very soon cause, the building component to fail. Consequential damage is likely.
YELLOW — serious damage. The component will fail in the longer term. YELLOW sounds milder than RED — but the bill can be the same, just later.
GREY — minor damage. Doesn't noticeably affect the component's function.
BLACK — possible damage. Issues that should be investigated further. In practice: "we couldn't see it properly". This is often where the surprises hide.
Reports from before October 2020 use the old scale K0–K3, where K3 is the most serious — plus "UN" for issues that should be investigated further.
Three classic misreadings
- "No reds = fine house". Ten YELLOWs can together cost more than one RED. Read the descriptions, not just the colours.
- "BLACK is probably nothing". BLACK means "should be investigated" — i.e. an unknown bill. Get it investigated, or price the risk in.
- "The report covers the whole house". No — see the next section.
What the condition report does NOT cover
- The sewer and pipes in the ground. Rats, cracked clay pipes and old wells are outside the report. Requires a CCTV inspection.
- The legality of the electrical installations. That's the electrical installation report's domain — a separate document you should also read.
- Whether appliances, boiler and heating actually work as such — the report assesses building components, not appliances.
- Aesthetics and indoor comfort — draughts, noise, smells.
- The finances: whether the ejerudgift is realistic, the association's loans, upcoming costs. None of that is here.
How to use the report as a buyer
- Read all the descriptions — not just the overview. The details reveal the scope.
- List the YELLOW + BLACK items and get contractor quotes on the biggest ones before you bid.
- Cross-check with the electrical installation report and the energy label — the three documents together give the picture.
- Use unresolved points as questions for the agent and as negotiation arguments.